Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, increasing daily activities, and consuming a balanced diet reduces the risk of PND. Treatment of PND depends on the underlying causative factor. Individuals with a history of a heart ailment, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, tobacco, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, and allergies are at an increased risk of developing PND. Other causes of PND include asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diastolic heart failure, psychological disorders like anxiety, kidney failure, and acid reflux. Fluid also builds up in the lower extremities and moves to the lungs once the person is lying down, causing shortness of breath. This phenomenon leads to fluid retention around the heart and lungs.
Renin increases the concentration of sodium. Cardiac failure results in increased production of the enzyme renin. The most common cause of PND is due to cardiac failure triggered by myocardial ischemia or acute decompensated heart failure. Sitting up, standing up, or opening a window makes breathing easier. Once the person is sitting straight, the symptoms improve. This obscurity in breathing usually results in the individual waking up and gasping for air. This feeling of breathlessness develops 1-2 hours after the individual has fallen asleep. Thus, PND is the condition that causes sudden shortness of breath while the individual is asleep.
The definition of dyspnea is uncomfortable or tedious breathing. These symptoms usually appear in the night while the individual is asleep. Nocturnal refers to the time of occurrence. Thus, paroxysmal refers to symptoms that are intermittent and last for a short time. The term paroxysmal is referred to as intermittent.
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